On April 9, 2025, President Trump signed the Executive Order (EO), Modernizing Defense Acquisitions and Spurring Innovation in the Defense Industrial Base. The EO indicated that the factory floor is as significant as the battlefield, and the current defense acquisition system must have a comprehensive overhaul to deliver state-of-the-art capabilities at speed and scale.
Topics: Proposal Cost Volume Development & Pricing, Contracts & Subcontracts Administration, Contractor Purchasing System Review (CPSR), Government Regulations, Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), Commercial Item Determination
The now infamous NIH Guidance (NOT-OD-25-068) and Executive Order 14222 started us thinking. Is the Department of Defense (DoD) possibly the next domino to fall? After all, the DoD has a very large contract spend of $431.4 billion based on the Defense Spending by State, FY 2023 — Executive Summary. We looked to see if we could find data on how much of that spend is going to indirect costs (i.e., overhead). Surprisingly, the only data we could find is very dated. The data comes from the DoD Indirect-Cost Management Guide from October 2001 posted on the Defense Acquisition University (DAU) website. The guide states, “estimates made by the Defense Contract Management Command (DCMA), in conjunction with discussions with defense contractor top management on their DCMA Overhead Initiative, indicate[s] that indirect costs constitute approximately $90 billion of the $170 billion total DoD work in process at all defense contractor[s].” While not clear, our assumption is that this represents the 2000 or 2001 timeframe. Based on this, DoD is spending 53% of its appropriated funding on indirect costs. This means the average defense contractor has an approximate 100% indirect cost rate, covering overhead and general & administrative (G&A) costs. Based on recent experiences with our clients, we believe this is still a reasonable estimate of indirect cost on DoD contracts, if not a little higher.
Topics: Compliant Accounting Infrastructure, Proposal Cost Volume Development & Pricing, DCAA Audit Support, Government Regulations, Cost Accounting Standards (CAS), Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR)
Why do contractors have to do market research? Simply put, you signed a contract with the US Government or a subcontract with a prime contractor that expects it – yes, it is contractually required. Plus, it is one of the most often reported contractor purchasing system review (CPSR) findings.
Topics: Proposal Cost Volume Development & Pricing, Contracts & Subcontracts Administration, Contractor Purchasing System Review (CPSR), Government Regulations, Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), Commercial Item Determination
Let’s start with the basics. When is a commercial determination required in the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR)? The common belief is that only when the award of a subcontract exceeds the cost or pricing data threshold. This common belief is what we refer to as a too-often believed myth. The truth is that FAR 52.244-6, Subcontracts for Commercial Products and Commercial Services, specifically requires that “to the maximum extent practicable, the Contractor shall incorporate, and require its subcontractors at all tiers to incorporate, commercial products, commercial services, or non-developmental items as components of items to be supplied” to the Government. To comply with this requirement, as many as possible of your purchase orders issued under your U.S. Government contracts and subcontracts should have commercial determination regardless of the dollar value.
Topics: Proposal Cost Volume Development & Pricing, Contracts & Subcontracts Administration, Government Regulations, Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), Commercial Item Determination
The FAR Council issued a proposed rule on November 29, 2024 to amend the FAR to increase acquisition related thresholds for inflation.
Topics: Proposal Cost Volume Development & Pricing, DFARS Business Systems, Contractor Purchasing System Review (CPSR), Cost Accounting Standards (CAS), Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), Estimating System Compliance
Again, this year our friendly DCAA auditors have taken up the government requirement to calculate and publish annually the new compensation cap as provided for in Section 702 of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 (BBA; Pub. L. 113-67), dated December 26, 2013. The 2025 compensation cap amount is $671,000. Below we have provided the compensation caps going back to 2019.
Topics: Proposal Cost Volume Development & Pricing, Employee & Contractor Compensation, Incurred Cost Proposal Submission (ICP/ICE), DCAA Audit Support, Government Regulations, Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR)
FAR Part 36 - Construction and Architect-Engineer Contracts provides the direction to contracting officer on the expected processes and requirements around contracting for construction and Architectural and Engineering (A&E) services. Part 36 addresses construction and A&E separately and we have included some of the key areas below.
Topics: Compliant Accounting Infrastructure, Proposal Cost Volume Development & Pricing, Government Regulations, Cost Accounting Standards (CAS), Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), Commercial Item Determination, Federal Construction Contracting
CAS 411 provides criteria for accounting for the measurement and assignment of material costs to cost objectives and follows generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).
What is the Purpose of CAS 411?
If you don’t have contracts subject to full CAS, then FAR 31.205-26 Material costs requires contractors to implement GAAP when accounting for material. Material costs can either be charged direct to a contract or assigned to contracts through inventory accounts. Material that is charged direct should be identified on the purchase order and material assigned through an inventory account should be consistently applied by category of material. While CAS 411 requires written policies for accounting for material, it is a best practice to establish written policies whether CAS 411 is applicable or not.
Topics: Compliant Accounting Infrastructure, Proposal Cost Volume Development & Pricing, DCAA Audit Support, Government Regulations, Cost Accounting Standards (CAS), Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), Material Management & Accounting System (MMAS)
FAR 31.205-20 makes interest unallowable, however, cost of money is not interest based on the CAS Board and is allowable (see our article Interest is Unallowable – How is That Possible). Cost of money is an imputed cost that is provided to contractors to recover the time value of money invested in facilities and equipment that benefit government contracts. Contractors that do not have contracts subject to full CAS, follow FAR 31.205-10 Cost of money which incorporates CAS 414 (Cost of Money as an Element of the Cost of Facilities Capital) and CAS 417 (Cost of Money as an Element of the Cost of Capital Assets Under Construction) and allows cost of money as a cost as long as it is measured, assigned and allocated in accordance with the standard. Cost of money must be specifically identified and proposed in cost proposals to be claimed or billed. Let’s discuss the requirements of CAS 414 and 417.
Topics: Compliant Accounting Infrastructure, Proposal Cost Volume Development & Pricing, DCAA Audit Support, Government Regulations, Cost Accounting Standards (CAS), Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR)
CAS 416 provides criteria for the measurement of insurance costs, the assignment of such costs to cost accounting periods, and the allocation to final cost.
Topics: Proposal Cost Volume Development & Pricing, DFARS Business Systems, Government Regulations, Cost Accounting Standards (CAS), Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR)