Lynne Nalley, CPA
Lynne is a Director with Redstone Government Consulting, Inc. providing government contract consulting services to our clients primarily related to Commercial Item Determinations and support, Cost Accounting Standards, DFARS Business System Audits, Proposals, and Incurred Cost. Prior to joining Redstone Government Consulting, Lynne served in several capacities with DCAA and DCMA for over 35 years. Professional Experience Lynne began her career working with DCAA in the Honeywell Resident Office, Clearwater, FL in 1984. Lynne’s experience included various positions which involved conducting or reviewing forward proposals or rate audits, financial capability audits, progress payments, accounting and estimating systems, cost accounting standards, claims and disclosure statement reviews. She is an expert in FAR, DFARS, CAS and testified as an expert witness. Lynne assisted in drafting the commercial item guidance for DCAA Headquarters. Lynne was assigned as a Regional Technical Specialist where she provided guidance to 20 field offices on highly complex or technical issues relative to forward pricing, financial capability or progress payment issues. As an Assistant for Quality, she was involved in reviewing and ensuring audit reports were in compliance with policy and GAGAS as well as made NASBA certified presentations to the staff including but not limited to billing reviews, CAS, unallowable cost and progress payments. To enhance her experience in government contracting, Lynne accepted a position with DCMA in 2015 as part of the newly organized DCMA Cadre of Experts in the Commercial Item Group. This included performing reviews of prime contractor’s assertions and/or commercial item determinations as well as performing price analyses. Lynne was a project lead and later became a lead analyst where she engaged with the buying commands on requests and reviewed price analysis reviews performed by a team of 5 analysts. She also assisted the DCMA CPSR team relative to commercial items and co-instructed the Commercial Item Training presented to DCMA. Education Lynne earned a Bachelor of Science Degree in Accounting from the University of Central Florida. Certifications State of Florida Certified Public Accountant State of Alabama Certified Public Accountant Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act (DAWIA) Level III- Auditing DAWIA Level III – Contracting
There is no definition of split purchases in the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) or Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DFARS). However, the Defense Contract Management Agency reviews purchase order files for split purchases during a Contractor Purchasing System Review. The Government considers a split purchase when a contractor intentionally breaks down a requirement to stay under a regulatory threshold (e.g., micro-purchase, simplified acquisition threshold, or Truthful Cost or Pricing Data Act (TINA)) in order to circumvent procurement requirements or avoid having to compete.
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Topics:
Contracts & Subcontracts Administration,
DFARS Business Systems,
DCAA Audit Support,
Contractor Purchasing System Review (CPSR),
Government Regulations,
Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR)
If you only have FAR-based contracts, you only have one set of regulations to follow – Federal Acquisition Regulations. But what happens if you have both FAR-based contracts and grants? Grants are covered under a whole different set of requirements in 2 CFR 200 Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards. Let’s walk through some of the differences.
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Topics:
Compliant Accounting Infrastructure,
Government Regulations,
Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR),
Grants & Cooperative Agreements (2 CFR 200)
What is a Department of Defense (DoD) class deviation? It is a deviation from the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) or Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation (DFARS) that affects more than one contract. They are issued by an authorized official and are used to deviate from the FAR or DFARS and offer flexibility in the acquisition process. Class deviations are supposed to be temporary. If the class deviation will become permanent, the Government is supposed to issue a proposed revision to the FAR or DFARS.
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Topics:
Contracts & Subcontracts Administration,
System Award Management (SAM),
Government Regulations,
Cost Accounting Standards (CAS),
Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR),
Cybersecurity
Executive Order Impacting Funding on Contract or Grant Work
The President issued an Executive Order (EO) on January 20, 2025, to immediately pause the disbursement of funds appropriated through the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (Public Law 117-169) or the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (Public Law 117058). This relates to programs for issuing grants, loans, contracts, or any other financial disbursements of such appropriated funds. The Office of Management and Budget issued a guidance memo on January 28 and rescinded the memorandum on January 29.
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Topics:
Contracts & Subcontracts Administration,
DCAA Audit Support,
Government Regulations,
Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR),
Grants & Cooperative Agreements (2 CFR 200),
REAs, Claims & Terminations
The FAR Council issued a proposed rule on January 15, 2025, to expand the CUI requirements into FAR under Executive Order 13556 Controlled Unclassified Information. Controlled Unclassified Information is information that the government creates or possesses, or that an entity creates or possesses for or on behalf of the government, that a law, regulation, or governmentwide policy requires or permits an agency to handle using safeguarding or dissemination controls. CUI may not be released to the public.
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Topics:
Contracts & Subcontracts Administration,
DFARS Business Systems,
Contractor Purchasing System Review (CPSR),
Government Regulations,
Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR),
Cybersecurity
We have had several clients tell us they have purchase orders under the Truthful Cost or Pricing Data (TINA) threshold for what they believe to be commercial purchases. They run a quick search on the purchase order (PO) and find there are no Federal Acquisition (FAR) or Defense FAR Supplement (DFARS) clauses in the agreement even though the prime contract is to the U.S. Government.
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Topics:
Contracts & Subcontracts Administration,
DFARS Business Systems,
Contractor Purchasing System Review (CPSR),
Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR)
The Government wants to pay a fair and reasonable price for products and services that they purchase and expects you to pay your suppliers a fair and reasonable price. FAR 52.244-5 Competition in Subcontracting includes the requirement to select subcontractors and suppliers on a competitive basis to the maximum extent possible. What happens when you receive only one bid or there is only one source that can perform the effort? Well, the purchase becomes sole source – and yes, the requirements have just increased significantly. If the purchase exceeds the micro-purchase threshold, yes $10,000, you must document the justification as sole source. While it sounds pretty simple, for example, when the customer directs a part to be purchased from a specific supplier, you just check the box “customer directed” and move on. Oh, if that were only the case. Even when a purchase is customer directed, more documentation is necessary. It is never as easy as checking a box. When you are directed to buy from a supplier, you must still document the price is fair and reasonable. If the price is not fair and reasonable, it is your job to inform the government.
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Topics:
DFARS Business Systems,
Contractor Purchasing System Review (CPSR),
Government Regulations,
Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR)
CAS 411 provides criteria for accounting for the measurement and assignment of material costs to cost objectives and follows generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).
What is the Purpose of CAS 411?
If you don’t have contracts subject to full CAS, then FAR 31.205-26 Material costs requires contractors to implement GAAP when accounting for material. Material costs can either be charged direct to a contract or assigned to contracts through inventory accounts. Material that is charged direct should be identified on the purchase order and material assigned through an inventory account should be consistently applied by category of material. While CAS 411 requires written policies for accounting for material, it is a best practice to establish written policies whether CAS 411 is applicable or not.
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Topics:
Compliant Accounting Infrastructure,
Proposal Cost Volume Development & Pricing,
DCAA Audit Support,
Government Regulations,
Cost Accounting Standards (CAS),
Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR),
Material Management & Accounting System (MMAS)
